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1.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 64: e21200512, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153288

ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS Chips from orange-fleshed sweet potato have a good acceptability. Drying process showed retention of carotenoids total content. Chips from drying or frying process showed high resistant starch content.


Abstract There is currently a great demand for industrialized products with functional properties, together with the increase in consumption of roots and sweet potato products. Sweet potatoes have a high content of resistant starch, while only the orange-fleshed roots also have a high content of carotenoids. Due to these, this work aimed to produce orange-fleshed sweet potato chips, by two processes: drying oven and immersion frying. The chips were evaluated for the content of resistant starch and carotenoids in nature and chips sweet potatoes, and evaluations of the physical attributes and sensory analysis of the chips. The drying process retained a greater content of total carotenoids. Fried chips can be considered high resistant starch content, even with a decrease in the content after this processing; they also showed more intense coloring and pleasant texture. There was a statistical difference between the varieties only regarding the content of carotenoids and resistant starch. Thereby, it can be concluded that the chips of both processing have good technological and functional qualities, and that the frying process presented best hardness which led to greater acceptability and purchase intention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Starch/analysis , Solanum tuberosum , Carotenoids/analysis , Ipomoea batatas , Taste/physiology , Consumer Behavior , Food Handling
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(11): 743-750, Nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973932

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate elderly patients in a geriatric service, along with their sensory characteristics and their association with clinical aspects. Methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal study. We enrolled 36 healthy participants of both sexes in this study. The following instruments were used and evaluations performed: clinical evaluation, Mini-Mental State Exam, and quantitative sensory testing. Results: During the follow-up, there was reduction of mean corpuscular volume at each evaluation (p < 0.001) and significant increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p < 0.001). There was an increase of the olfactory (p < 0.001), salty (p = 0.024), sour (p = 0.020), bitter (p = 0.001), facial cold (p = 0.019), hand cold (p = 0.004), facial tactile (p < 0.001), hand tactile (p = 0.012) and facial vibration (p = 0.018) thresholds. Previous existing morbidities were associated with sensitivity changes in the individuals in this sample. Conclusion: This longitudinal study suggests that the loss of sensitivity with aging may be associated with the presence of morbidities in elders.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar pacientes idosos em um serviço de geriatria, juntamente com as características sensitivas e sua associação com aspectos clínicos. Métodos: Este é um estudo longitudinal descritivo. Foram avaliados 36 sujeitos saudáveis de ambos os sexos. Os seguintes instrumentos e avaliações foram realizados: Avaliação clínica, Mini Exame de Estado Mental (Mini-Mental) e testes sensitivos quantitativos. Resultados: Durante o acompanhamento houve redução do volume corpuscular médio (VCM) em cada avaliação (P < 0,001) e aumento significativo das concentrações de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) (P < 0,001). Houve aumento dos limiares olfativos (p < 0,001), salgado (p = 0,024), azedo (p = 0,020), amargo (p = 0,001), frio face (p = 0,019), frio mão (p = 0,004), tato face (p < 0,001), tato mão (p = 0.012) e vibração face (p = 0,018). Morbidades prévias foram associadas às alterações de sensibilidade nos indivíduos desta amostra. Conclusão: Este estudo longitudinal sugere que a perda de sensibilidade no envelhecimento pode estar associada à presença de morbidades em idosos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Sensory Thresholds/physiology , Aging/physiology , Olfactory Perception/physiology , Smell/physiology , Taste/physiology , Longitudinal Studies , Health Services for the Aged
3.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 84(5): 630-637, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974358

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with an olfactory deficit is defined as Kallmann syndrome and is distinct from normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Objective: Because olfactory perception not only consists of orthonasally gained impressions but also involves retronasal olfactory function, in this study we decided to comprehensively evaluate both retronasal and orthonasal olfaction in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Methods: This case-control study included 31 controls and 45 idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients. All participants whose olfactory and taste functions were evaluated with orthonasal olfaction (discrimination, identification and threshold), retronasal olfaction, taste function and olfactory bulb volume measurement. The patients were separated into three groups according to orthonasal olfaction: anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hyposmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Results: Discrimination, identification and threshold scores of patients with Kallmann syndrome were significantly lower than controls. Threshold scores of patients with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. were significantly lower than those of controls, but discrimination and identification scores were not significantly different. Retronasal olfaction was reduced only in the anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism group compared to controls. Identification of bitter, sweet, sour, and salty tastes was not significantly different when compared between the anosmic, hyposmic, and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism groups and controls. Olfactory bulb volume was lower bilaterally in all patient groups when compared with controls. The olfactory bulb volume of both sides was found to be significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination and identification scores in idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients. Conclusion: 1) There were no significant differences in gustatory function between controls and idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients; 2) retronasal olfaction was reduced only in anosmic patients but not in orthonasally hyposmic participants, possibly indicating presence of effective compensatory mechanisms; 3) olfactory bulb volumes were highly correlated with olfaction scores in the hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism group. The current results indicate a continuum from anosmia to normosmia in idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients.


Resumo Introdução: O hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático com déficit olfatório é definido como síndrome de Kallmann e é distinto de hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático normósmico. Objetivo: Pelo fato de a percepção olfativa não apenas consistir em impressões obtidas ortonasalmente, mas também envolver a função olfativa retronasal, neste estudo decidimos avaliar de maneira abrangente o olfato retronasal e ortonasal em pacientes com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático. Método: Este estudo caso-controle incluiu 31 controles e 45 pacientes com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático. Todos os participantes tiveram as funções olfativas e de paladar avaliadas com olfação ortonasal (discriminação, identificação e limiar), olfação retronasal, função do paladar e medida do volume do bulbo olfatório. Os pacientes foram separados em três grupos de acordo com a olfação ortonasal: hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático anósmico, hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático hipósmico e hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático normósmico. Resultados: Os escores de discriminação, identificação e limiar de pacientes com síndrome de Kallmann foram significativamente menores do que os controles. Os escores dos limiares de pacientes com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático normósmico foram significativamente menores do que os dos controles, mas os escores de discriminação e identificação não foram significativamente diferentes. A olfação retronasal foi reduzida apenas no grupo hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático anósmico em comparação com os controles. A identificação de gostos amargos, doces, azedos e salgados não foi significativamente diferente quando comparada entre os grupos e controles de hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático anósmicos, hipósmicos e normósmicos. O volume do bulbo olfatório foi menor bilateralmente em todos os grupos de pacientes quando comparado com os controles. O volume do bulbo olfatório de ambos os lados foi significativamente correlacionado com os escores de limiar, discriminação, identificação em pacientes com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático. Conclusão: 1) Não houve diferenças significativas na função gustativa entre controles e pacientes com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático; 2) A olfação retronasal foi reduzida apenas em pacientes anosmáticos, mas não em participantes ortonasalmente hipósmicos, possivelmente indicou presença de mecanismos compensatórios efetivos; 3) Os volumes do bulbo olfatório foram altamente correlacionados com os escores de olfação no grupo hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico. Os resultados atuais indicam um contínuo da anosmia à normosmia em pacientes com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Taste/physiology , Hypogonadism/physiopathology , Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology , Olfactory Bulb/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Hypogonadism/diagnosis , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis
4.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 325-330, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-713191

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To obtain validated clinical values suitable for developing a gustatory function test, including umami taste, in a Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigation involved 297 participants with self-reported normal sense of taste and smell. Liquid solutions were used for the assessment of gustatory function. The test consisted of 30 taste solutions [six concentrations of five tastants (sweet, bitter, salty, sour, and umami)]. For evaluation of overall gustatory function, the number of detected or correctly recognized taste thresholds was combined to form a “taste score.” RESULTS: Mean values of each detection and recognition threshold for the five tastes in men were consistently lower than those of women. The 10th percentile of taste score for recognition was used as the cut-off value for distinguishing normogeusia from hypogeusia. In subgroup analysis, total taste score from recognition thresholds revealed a significant negative correlation with age, indicating lower scores for increasing age. Taste score for non-smokers was significantly higher than that of smokers, in terms of detection and recognition of taste sensitivities. CONCLUSION: This gustatory function test was easy to perform, affordable, and time-saving, with the capacity to self-produce and obtain reliable data. Gustatory function was more sensitive in young people, women, and non-smokers.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Linear Models , Republic of Korea , Taste/physiology , Taste Threshold
5.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol. (En línea) ; 15: 1-10, nov. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869722

ABSTRACT

El fonoaudiólogo es el principal profesional en la rehabilitación no farmacológica y no quirúrgica del usuario con disfagia. Su participación es fundamental tanto para el aminoramiento del riesgo de aspiración o penetración laríngea, como para mejorar o restaurar la función deglutoria. Para este fin, posee opciones terapéuticas directas e indirectas, cuya elección y aplicación dependerá de la patología que curse el usuario, las redes que posea para su recuperación y la motivación intrínseca del mismo. Entre las estrategias de intervención indirecta se encuentra el Tratamiento Sensorio-Motor Oral (OSMT, por sus siglas en inglés), el cual pretende producir una aceleración en el desencadenamiento del proceso deglutorio mediante la ejercitación de los músculos orofaciales en conjunto con diferentes estímulos sensoriales (específicamente la temperatura fría y el sabor ácido). La presente revisión tiene por objetivo dilucidar si la utilización de la temperatura fría y el sabor ácido son útiles como mecanismo de intervención indirecta de la disfagia. Se concluye que las acciones propuestas son efectivas simplemente como mecanismos compensatorios en el proceso deglutorio, puesto que modifican las características del bolo alimenticio e incrementan momentáneamente las sensaciones intraorales.


The speech-language pathologist (SLP) is the main professional in the nonpharmacological and non-surgical rehabilitation of patients with dysphagia. Their role is essential for both reducing the risk of aspiration or laryngeal penetration and improving or restoring the swallowing function. To this end, the SLP has direct and indirect therapeutic options, whose choice and application will depend on the patient’s condition, support networks, and their intrinsic motivation. As part of the indirect intervention strategies, the oral sensorymotor treatment (OSMT) aims to exercise the orofacial muscles, and introduce sensory input by the application of cold temperature and sour taste to increase the triggering speed of the swallowing reflex. This review seeks to determine whether the use of cold temperature and sour taste are effective indirect mechanisms for treating patients with dysphagia. It is concluded that the proposed actions in this review are useful simply as compensatory mechanisms in the swallowing process, as they modify the bolus properties and increase, temporarily, the intra-oral sensations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cold Temperature , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/methods , Taste/physiology , Deglutition Disorders/rehabilitation , Acids , Deglutition/physiology , Pharynx/physiopathology , Stimulation, Chemical , Deglutition Disorders/therapy
6.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 81(1): 97-106, Jan-Feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741329

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Taste is of great importance for the feeding process. Seen in this light, it is essential to investigate this sense in children as developing human beings. However, despite little variation in the use of tests that measure the gustatory capacity, there are still questions about the applicability and effective use of tools for quantitative assessment in children. Objective: To search the literature on quantitative instruments used for the evaluation of taste used in studies with children. Methods: A search was conducted in the PUBMED and Web of Science platforms, and subsequently, the identified articles were selected and reviewed. The descriptors and terms used were "taste," "child," "assessment," "diagnosis," and "dysgeusia". Original articles related to the theme in English, restricted to children and with no year limitation, were selected. Studies conducted in other stages of human development, exclusively or concurrently with the pediatric population; animal studies; literature review articles; dissertations and book chapters; and case studies and editorials were excluded. The data analysis was performed through a cataloging protocol created for this study, including the following points: author, research department, year, location, population/sample, age, purpose of the study, methods, and primary results. Results: 5613 items were found. 5307 were excluded based on title, 248 by abstract analysis, and 43 by full text evaluation. Fifteen articles were selected for analysis; of these, six were repeated articles, and thus nine articles were selected for review. Conclusion: The tests aiming at evaluation of taste were judiciously used, ensuring reliability for future research, which may employ methods similar to previous studies. .


Introdução: O paladar é de grande importância para o processo de alimentação. Visto dessa forma, torna-se fundamental a averiguação deste sentido junto às crianças, que são seres em desenvolvimento. Porém, apesar da pouca variação na utilização de testes que mensuram a capacidade gustatória, ainda existe questionamento acerca da aplicabilidade e do uso eficaz dos instrumentos de avaliação quantitativa, especificamente na população infantil. Objetivo: Levantar na literatura os instrumentos quantitativos para a avaliação do paladar utilizados em estudos com crianças. Método: Busca dos artigos realizada nas plataformas PUBMED e Web of Science, seguindo etapas de seleção e análise crítica dos periódicos encontrados. Os descritores e termos utilizados foram taste, child, assessment, diagnosis e dysgeusia. Foram selecionados artigos originais relacionados ao tema no idioma inglês, realizados somente com a população infantil e sem restrição de ano. Foram excluídos estudos realizados em outras fases do desenvolvimento humano, exclusivamente ou concomitantemente com a população infantil; estudos com animais; artigos de revisão de literatura, dissertações e capítulos de livros, artigos de estudo de caso e editoriais. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de um fichamento protocolar criado para este estudo, contemplando os seguintes pontos: autor, departamento de pesquisa, ano, local, população/amostra, idade, objetivo do estudo, métodos utilizados e resultados principais. Resultados: Foram encontrados 5613 artigos. Foram excluídos 5307 artigos pelo título, 248 pelo resumo e 43 pelo texto lido na íntegra. 15 manuscritos foram analisados, dos quais seis eram artigos repetidos. Assim, 9 artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Conclusão: Foi observada a utilização criteriosa dos testes de avaliação do paladar, garantindo confiabilidade às pesquisas futuras que venham a utilizar métodos semelhantes aos estudos já realizados. .


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Taste/physiology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Reproducibility of Results
7.
CoDAS ; 25(5): 444-450, out. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-695102

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate about an integrated sensory motor system existence in premature newborns, submitted to gustatory stimulation. METHODS: Analytical and experimental study of contents, double-blind. Being participants 90 premature newborns, divided into two groups (water or sucrose analysis 12%). Recorded by 15 minutes (first and last moments, without stimulation; and second time with gustatory stimulation). Three independent judges analyzed the behaviors in the right hand and left hand in the mouth and suction in the left and right and hand during the various behavioral states, those being inserted in the database of Statistical Package for Social Science, being then considered that the events observed by at least two of them. It was made use of Spearman' s rank correlation test on a significance level by p<0.05. RESULTS: Considering the groups both separately and together, right and left had initially moderate correlation, being right hand in the mouth remained strong at the end and left hand in the mouth finished on moderate and strong correlation, according to each behavioral state. Right hand suction in its total and sucrose showed a strong correlation initially in drowsy state, becoming moderate at the end. In alertness state there was initially a weak correlation in both stimuli ending in moderate correlation in sucrose and strong in water. Left hand suction presented initially moderate correlation on the alert state, ending in weak correlation in sucrose stimuli, which did not occur in the water that started and finished strong. CONCLUSION: The oral stimulation influenced the hand-mouth coordination, showing early motor sensory integration. However, there was no discrimination about the gustatory capacity on the newborns. .


OBJETIVO: Investigar a existência de sistema sensório motor integrado em recém-nascidos (RNs) prematuros submetidos à estimulação gustativa. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental analítico e duplo-cego. Participaram 90 RNs prematuros, divididos em dois grupos (água e sacarose para análise (PA) 12%), filmados durante 15 minutos (primeiro e último momentos, sem estimulação; e segundo momento com estimulação gustativa). Três juízes independentes analisaram os comportamentos mão na boca direita e esquerda e sucção da mão direita e esquerda durante os diversos estados comportamentais, inseridos no banco de dados do Statistical Package for Social Science, sendo considerados em concordância os eventos observados por pelo menos dois deles. Empregou-se teste de correlação de Spearman com nível de significância valor de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Tanto ao serem considerados os grupos separadamente quanto juntos, mão na boca direita e esquerda tiveram inicialmente correlação moderada, sendo que mão na boca direita manteve-se forte no final e mão na boca esquerda finalizou com correlação moderada e forte, de acordo com cada estado comportamental. Sucção de mão direita na totalidade e em sacarose apresentou-se inicialmente com correlação forte no estado sonolento, passando para moderada ao final. No estado alerta houve inicialmente correlação fraca em ambos os estímulos, finalizando com correlação moderada em sacarose e forte em água. Sucção de mão esquerda apresentou-se inicialmente correlação moderada em alerta, finalizando com correlação fraca no grupo sacarose, o que não ocorreu na água, que iniciou e finalizou forte. CONCLUSÃO: A estimulação oral influenciou na c...


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Functional Laterality/physiology , Infant Behavior/physiology , Sucking Behavior/physiology , Double-Blind Method , Hand , Infant, Premature , Sucrose/pharmacology , Taste/physiology , Touch/physiology , Water
8.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 79(5): 546-554, Sep-Oct/2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-688605

ABSTRACT

Após a cirurgia de laringectomia total, o fluxo aéreo nasal é transferido definitivamente para o traqueostoma, comprometendo a chegada de moléculas odoríferas até a cavidade nasal, podendo repercutir em alterações na percepção olfatória e gustatória nesses indivíduos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as funções do olfato e do paladar em laringectomizados totais. Desenho do estudo: Estudo de série. MÉTODO: A amostra envolveu um grupo com 25 pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total e outro grupo de comparação com 25 pacientes não laringectomizados. A função gustatória foi avaliada por tiras gustativas de papel de filtro. Para avaliação da função olfatória, foi aplicado o teste Brief Smell Identification Test. RESULTADOS: No grupo de laringectomizados, houve maior frequência de hipogeusia (80%; p < 0,05), assim como de hiposmia (88%; p < 0,001), isoladas e concomitantes (72%; p < 0,001). Na discriminação dos sabores, o sabor amargo não diferiu entre os grupos, diferentemente dos demais sabores. No aspecto olfatório, os laringectomizados tiveram pior desempenho na detecção de odores de alerta e os relacionados à alimentação. Identificou-se que história de tabagismo e de alcoolismo foi significantemente mais frequente dentre laringectomizados. CONCLUSÃO: A diminuição das funções olfatória e gustatória em laringectomizados totais foi evidenciada nesse estudo. .


After total laryngectomy surgery, nasal airflow is moved permanently to the tracheostomy opening, compromising the contact of odorant molecules with the nasal cavity, which may reflect changes in the olfactory and gustatory perception in these individuals. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functions of smell and taste in total laryngectomized patients. Study design: a study of series. METHOD: The sample included a group of 25 patients submitted to total laryngectomy and another group of 25 patients who did not underwent the procedure. The taste function was evaluated by gustatory strips of filter paper. To assess the olfactory function we employed the Brief Smell Identification Test. RESULTS: Among the laryngectomized patients there was more hypogeusia (80%, p < 0.05), as well as hyposmia (88%, p < 0.001), alone and concomitant (72%, p < 0.001). Concerning flavor discrimination, the bitter taste did not differ between the groups - which was different from the other flavors. In the olfactory aspect, laryngectomized patients performed worse in detecting warning and food-related odors. We found that a history of smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly more frequent among laryngectomized patients. CONCLUSION: We found a decrease of gustatory and olfactory functions in total laryngectomized patients in this study. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Laryngectomy/adverse effects , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Taste Disorders/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Educational Status , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Smell/physiology , Taste Disorders/diagnosis , Taste/physiology
9.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 50(1): 31-34, Jan-Mar/2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671335

ABSTRACT

Context During swallowing, boluses stimulate sensory receptors of the oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal regions. Sweet and tasteless foods are more acceptable for swallowing than bitter foods. A bitter bolus is unpleasant for most subjects. Our hypothesis was that the ingestion of a bitter bolus might alter the oral behavior, pharyngeal and esophageal transit when compared to a sweet bolus. Objective To evaluate whether the bitter taste of a liquid bolus causes alteration on oral, pharyngeal and/or esophageal transit in normal subjects in comparison with sweet bolus.' Method Scintigraphic evaluation of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal transit was performed in 43 asymptomatic subjects, 22 women and 21 men, ages 23-71 years, without problems with the ingestion of liquid and solid foods, and without digestive, cardiac or neurologic diseases. Each subject swallowed in random sequence and at room temperature 5 mL of a liquid bolus with bitter taste, prepared with 50 mL of water with 2 g of leaves of Peumus boldus, heated until boiling (boldus tea), and 5 mL of a liquid bolus with sweet taste, prepared with 50 mL of water with 3 g of sucrose, both labeled with 37 MBq of technetium phytate (Tc99m). Results There was no difference between the bitter bolus and the sweet bolus in mouth, pharynx and esophageal transit and clearance duration and in the amount of residues. Conclusion A bitter bolus, considered an unpleasant bolus, does not alter the duration of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing, when compared with a sweet bolus, considered a pleasant bolus. .


Contexto Durante a deglutição o bolo estimula os receptores sensoriais da boca, faringe, laringe e esôfago. Os alimentos doces e sem gosto são mais aceitáveis para a deglutição do que os alimentos amargos, que tem gosto desagradável para a maioria dos indivíduos. A hipótese destes autores era que a ingestão de um bolo amargo pode alterar o trânsito oral, faríngeo e esofágico. Objetivo Avaliar se o gosto amargo de um bolo líquido provoca alteração do trânsito oral, faringeo e/ou esofágico de pessoas normais. Método Avaliação cintilográfica dos trânsitos oral, faringeo e esofágico foi realizada em 43 indivíduos assintomáticos, 22 mulheres e 21 homens, com idades entre 23-71 anos, sem problemas com a ingestão de alimentos líquidos e sólidos, sem doença digestiva, cardíaca ou neurológica. Cada indivíduo ingeriu, em sequência aleatória e na temperatura ambiente, 5 mL de um bolo líquido com sabor amargo, preparado com 2 g de folhas de Peumus boldus em 50 mL de água, aquecidas até a temperatura de fervura (chá de boldo), e 5 mL de um bolo líquido com sabor doce, preparado com 3 g de sacarose em 50 mL de água, ambos marcados com 37 MBq de tecnécio fitato (Tc99m). Resultados Não houve diferença entre o bolo amargo e o bolo doce na duração do trânsito pela boca, faringe e esôfago, e na quantidade de resíduos. Conclusão Um bolo amargo, considerado de sabor desagradável, não altera a duração das fases oral, faríngea e esofágica da deglutição, quando comparado com um bolo doce, considerado como sabor agradável. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Deglutition/physiology , Esophagus/physiology , Mouth/physiology , Pharynx/physiology , Taste/physiology , Esophagus , Mouth , Pharynx , Time Factors
10.
CoDAS ; 25(2): 163-167, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678195

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of sour flavor and cold temperature on oral transit time during swallowing. METHODS: Participants were 52 subjects (28 male and 24 female) with ages between 50 and 80 years (median=66 years), after ischemic stroke involving right or left side damage and mild to moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia. Videofluoroscopy was performed to analyze the swallowing times. Each subject was assessed during swallowing of a paste consistency bolus offered in 5 ml spoons, with a total of four different stimuli (natural, cold, sour and sour-cold). After the exam, the oral transit time was measured using specific software. The oral transit time (starting at the beginning of the bolus movement in the mouth) and the total oral transit time (starting at the moment that the bolus is placed in the mouth) were measured. RESULTS: The association between sour and cold stimuli caused a significant decrease of oral transit time and total oral transit time. CONCLUSION: Sour flavor and cold temperature reduced oral transit time in stroke patients.


OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito do sabor azedo e da temperatura fria no tempo de trânsito oral da deglutição. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 52 indivíduos (28 do gênero masculino e 24 do gênero feminino) após acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico, com lesão à direita ou à esquerda e disfagia orofaríngea de grau leve a moderado, com idades variando de 50 a 80 anos (mediana=66 anos). Foi realizada a videofluoroscopia da deglutição para a análise dos tempos de deglutição. Cada indivíduo foi avaliado durante a deglutição de bolo na consistência pastosa, oferecido em colher com 5 ml, com quatro estímulos diferentes (natural, frio, azedo e azedo-frio). Após o exame foram realizadas as medidas de tempo de trânsito oral utilizando software específico. Foram mensurados o tempo de trânsito oral (a partir do início do movimento do bolo alimentar na boca) e o tempo de trânsito oral total (a partir do momento em que o bolo é colocado na boca). RESULTADOS: A associação entre o estímulo azedo e a temperatura fria provocou mudanças significavas no tempo de trânsito oral total e no tempo de trânsito oral, com redução nestes tempos. CONCLUSÃO: O sabor azedo e a temperatura fria associados apresentaram redução do tempo de trânsito oral em pacientes pós acidente vascular encefálico.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cold Temperature , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Pharynx/physiopathology , Stroke/physiopathology , Taste/physiology , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Fluoroscopy , Reaction Time , Stroke/complications , Video Recording
11.
Actas odontol ; 8(2): 5-14, dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: lil-613888

ABSTRACT

El gusto es un sistema sensorial complejo que está vinculado a las conductas alimenticias del ser humano. Interactúa con el olfato, la sensibilidad táctil y térmica oral, y hasta con la visión y la audición. Se describen actualmente cinco variedades de gusto: dulce, salado, ácido, amargo y umami. Los receptores gustativos se encuentran fundamentalmente en la boca. En la transducción del estímulo gustativo participan dos mecanismos: canales iónicos para los gustos salado y ácido y receptores de membrana asociados a proteínas G para los restantes tres sabores. Se describe la vía gustativa y sus conexiones con el sistema límbicovinculadas con el placer-displacer de la gustación (hedonismo). Existen avances importantes relacionados con la codificación de los distintos estímulos gustativos, siendo la propuesta más fundamentada y aceptada la teoría de los ®patrones de actividad central¼. Algunos reflejos gustativos se producen al servicio de la masticación, por ejemplo los reflejos gustativos salivales para la formación del bolo, gustativo motor para la modulación de la frecuencia masticatoria y gustativo facial para comia y para laexpresión hedónica.


The sense of taste is a complex sensorial system related to the human feeding behavior. It interacts with the senses of smell, vision, audition and oral touch. Currently, five taste modalities are recognized: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami. Taste receptors are located mostly in the mouth. Two mechanisms are involved in the stimulus transduction in taste: ionic channels in the salty and sour tastes, and receptors associated to G-proteins in the transduction of the other three tastes. We describe thegustative neural pathway and their connections with the limbic system, related with the hedonic components of taste. We describe the theories advanced to explain the codification of the gustatory stimulus, with the ®central pattern activity¼ being the most accepted nowadays. Some taste reflexes have an accesory function in mastication, for example, the taste-salivary reflex helps in bolus formation, the taste-motor reflex regulates the masticatory frequency, and the gustofacial reflex helps with themastication and expresses the hedonic state.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ion Channels , Taste/physiology , Signal Transduction/physiology , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(3): 362-367, mar. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597627

ABSTRACT

The five senses have had a fundamental importance for survival and socialization of human beings. From an evolutionary point of view the sense of smell is the oldest. This sense has a strong representation within the genome, allowing the existence of many types of receptors that allow us to capture multiple volatile odor producing molecules, sending electrical signals to higher centers to report the outside world. Several cortical areas are activated in the brain, which are interconnected to form an extensive and complex neural network, linking for example, areas involved with memory and emotions, thus giving this sense of perceptual richness. While the concept of fl avor is largely related to the sense of taste, smell provides the necessary integration with the rest of the senses and higher functions. Fully understanding the sense of smell is relevant to health professionals. Knowing the characteristics of the receptors, the transduction processes and convergence of information in the higher centers involved, we can properly detect olfactory disorders in our patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain/physiology , Olfactory Perception/physiology , Smell/physiology , Taste/physiology
13.
São Paulo; s.n; 2011. 157 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594128

ABSTRACT

Introdução Estudos populacionais realizados com crianças evidenciam um aumento no consumo de alimentos ricos em açúcares e de alta densidade energética. Esta mudança nos padrões de consumo tem sido apontada como um dos fatores que favorece o ganho excessivo de peso. Interações entre pais e filhos no contexto alimentar são importantes na formação das preferências infantis e no padrão de ingestão. Objetivo Caracterizar o grau de aceitação de alimentos habituais de pré-escolares e as atitudes e práticas alimentares exercidas por seus pais, de acordo com sexo, idade e estado nutricional. Métodos Quatrocentas crianças de pré-escolas universitárias participaram do estudo. Aplicou-se teste afetivo utilizando-se fotografias de 29 alimentos habituais das crianças e escala hedônica facial de cinco pontos para verificação do grau de gostar. Cento e noventa pais responderam a um questionário sobre atitudes e práticas alimentares frente a alimentação infantil. Testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis foram feitos para comparação da aceitação de alimentos entre as crianças. Por meio de regressão logística univariada e múltipla analisou-se a relação entre o estado nutricional das crianças e aceitação de alimentos com atitudes e práticas alimentares exercidas pelos pais. Resultados A prevalência de crianças com baixo peso foi de 1,21por cento e a de obesos 9,66por cento . Os alimentos mais aceitos foram os de maior densidade energética e/ou ricos em açúcar. A batata frita foi a preferida. Os fatores associados ao excesso de peso dos pré-escolares foram: a percepção incorreta dos pais quanto ao peso dos filhos, excesso de peso dos pais e a preocupação com o peso da criança, ajustados pela pressão para comer exercida pelos pais. As atitudes e práticas de alimentação dos pais influenciaram na aceitação dos alimentos pelas crianças...


Introduction Epidemiological surveys with children have shown increased intake of sugar rich and energy-dense food. This change in eating patterns has been associated with one of the factors of obesity. Interactions among parents and children regarding dietary practices influence child preferences and eating patterns. Objective - To characterize the degree of acceptance of habitual foods of pre-school children as well feeding practices and attitudes exerted by their parents, according to gender, age and nutritional status. Methods Four hundred pre-school children took part in the study. The affective test using twenty-nine photographs of the childrens habitual foods and 5-point hedonic facial scale, was applied to ascertain degree of liking. One hundred and ninety parents answered a questionnaire on child feeding attitudes and practices. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to compare the childrens food acceptance by gender, age and nutritional status. By univariate and multiple logistic regression, it was analyzed the relationship between the childrens nutritional status and food acceptance with parental feeding practices and attitudes. Results Among the children studied, the prevalence of underweight was 1.21per cent and of obesity was 9.66per cent. The foods with highest acceptance were those with high energetic density and/or sugar rich levels. Potato chip was the preferred food. The factors associated to overweight in pre-school children were: parental misperception of childs weight, the parents overweight and concern over the childs weight, adjusted by parental pressure to eat. Parental feeding practices and attitudes influenced the children´s food acceptance...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Feeding Behavior , Nutritional Status , Food Preferences/physiology , Cognition/physiology , Obesity , Parent-Child Relations , Taste/physiology
14.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 37(3): 360-368, Sept. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577402

ABSTRACT

A spread for the elderly with turkey, fibers (insulin and oligofructose), anti-oxidant vitamins (A and E) and minerals (selenium and zinc) has been developed. The methodology of Taguchi was used for the optimization of the formulation, considering control factors such as pig butter, hydrated insulin, lactonal, salt, oregano/pepper, garlic and ice. Experimental designs L8 (27) and L9 (34) were used, and sensorial assessments were made. The optimized formulation obtained a value of4.51 (greater than "good"). The low fat and calorie levels as well as the smooth and pleasant texture stand out in the product. Furthermore, it has been shown that the product is apt and safe for consumption. The spread maintained an optimal sensorial and sanitary quality during storage for 28 days under refrigeration. Elderly showed a 90 percent of acceptance and a high preference by the spread. Therefore, the methodology of Taguchi optimized the spread, making it a good alternative of food for the elderly.


Se desarrolló una pasta untable destinada al adulto mayor con pavo, fibras solubles (inulina y oligofructosa), vitaminas (A y E) y minerales antioxidantes (selenio y zinc). La formulación se optimizó con la metodología de Taguchi, considerando como factores de control: manteca de cerdo, inulina hidratada, emulsionante, sal, orégano/pimienta, ajo y hielo. Se utilizaron los diseños experimentales L8(27) y L9(34) y se realizaron evaluaciones sensoriales, obteniendo la formulación optimizada un puntaje de 4,51 (superior a "bueno"). Del producto destacó el bajo nivel de lípidos y calorías, la textura suave-agradable y se demostró que el producto es apto y seguro para el consumo, manteniendo su calidad sensorial y sanitaria durante 28 días de almacenamiento en refrigeración. El adulto mayor mostró un 90 por ciento de aceptación y alta preferencia por la pasta. Por lo tanto, la metodología de Taguchi logró optimizar la pasta untable, constituyendo una buena alternativa de alimento para el adulto mayor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged/physiology , Food, Fortified , Functional Food , Taste/physiology , Turkeys , Analysis of Variance , Antioxidants , Dietary Fiber , Dietary Minerals , Dietary Vitamins , Consumer Behavior
15.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 4(2): 161-168, ago. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-596790

ABSTRACT

Los órganos de los sentidos confieren a los seres humanos la capacidad de percibir y responder a una gran gama de estímulos que provienen del entorno, lo cual nos brinda la facultad de elaborar respuestas con el fin de adaptarnos a los cambios medioambientales, cubrir nuestras necesidades básicas y sobrevivir. Para nutrirnos, el sentido del gusto posee un rol primordial que nos permite seleccionar dentro de una amplia variedad de alimentos, las sustancias que son necesarias para nuestro metabolismo, protegiéndonos a su vez de compuestos potencialmente nocivos, debido a su toxicidad o grado de descomposición. Este sentido también es capaz de brindarnos la capacidad de seleccionar y discriminar alimentos que nos permitan sentir agrado y placer. Para los dentistas es fundamental comprender adecuadamente los complejos procesos del sentido del Gusto, identificar las estructuras involucradas tanto a nivel periférico (papilas, receptores y vías nerviosas) como a nivel central (núcleos y cortezas cerebrales); además de conocer las modalidades básicas del gusto y sus respectivos mecanismos de transducción. Este conocimiento aportará los elementos necesarios para enfrentar de manera correcta una situación en la cual un paciente presente una alteración gustativa, siendo capaz de identificar las posibles causas y adoptar medidas adecuadas para resolverla y/o tolerarla en el caso de ser provocada en forma transitoria por un procedimiento que forme parte o no de nuestro tratamiento.


The sense organs give to humans the ability to perceive and respond to a wide range of stimuli from the environment. This allows us the power to shape responses in order to adapt to environmental changes, control our basic needs and survive. The sense of taste has a key role in nurture. Enable us to select from a wide variety of foods, elements that are necessary for metabolism and also protecting from potentially harmful compounds, as of its toxicity or degree of decomposition. This sense of taste is also capable of giving us the ability to select and discriminate food that allow us to feel enjoy and pleasure. For dentists is critical to understand adequately the complex processes of taste, identify the structures involved peripheral (papillae, nerve pathways and receptors) and central (nuclei and cerebral cortices), besides knowing the basic modalities of taste and their respective transduction mechanisms. This knowledge will provide the basis to address properly a situation in which a patient has an altered taste, being able to identify possible causes and take appropriate action to resolve it and / or tolerate if temporary caused by a procedure that may be part of our dental treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Taste/physiology , Taste Buds/physiology , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
16.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 47(2): 152-158, abr.-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-554677

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Taste food recognition has an important role in the nutritional conditions and also allows protection of the organism integrity against foods potentially dangerous. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of the selective taste regions on the tongue and also the palate participation in the oral taste definition. METHODS: A standard tongue divided in six regions was exposed with the four basic tastes (sweet, salted, sour and bitter), 10 times each. Thirteen volunteers were studied from both side and 34 only from one side, performing 240 tests with opened mouth and 240 with closing mouth, just after tongue sapid stimulation. A second group, with 12 volunteers, had its taste recognition studied, with and without palate isolation, using silicone prosthesis (n = 120). RESULTS: From results, chi-square (3×2) and (2×2), nonparametric independency test with P = 0.05 were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior, medium and posterior regions of the tongue, at both sides, had the same taste discriminative capacity. Nevertheless, closed mouth increased immediate and late recognition capacity by palate participation. It was possible to admit that palate participation increase the sapid perception in the mouth, by recruitment of the palate taste receptors and also by fluid compression and its scattering over tongue surface.


CONTEXTO: O reconhecimento dos gostos tem importante papel para as condições nutricionais e também para a proteção da integridade do organismo contra a ingestão de alimentos potencialmente perigosos. OBJETIVO: Investigar a presença na língua de regiões com capacidade seletiva para percepção dos gostos básicos e também verificar se e como o palato participa da definição dos gostos na cavidade oral. MÉTODOS: Uma língua padrão hipotética dividida em 6 regiões teve cada umas destas, exposta 10 vezes a cada um dos quatro sabores básicos (doce, salgado, azedo e amargo). Treze voluntários tiveram sua lingual estudada dos dois lados (a direita e a esquerda) e outros 34 foram estudados somente em um dos lados, perfazendo 240 testes com a boca mantida aberta e 240 com a boca sendo fechada, imediatamente após a exposição da língua à substância sápida. Um segundo grupo com 12 voluntários teve o reconhecimento do gosto estudado com e sem o palato isolado pelo uso de uma prótese de silicone (n = 120). RESULTADOS: A partir dos resultados, testes não-paramétricos de independência, foram obtidos qui ao quadrado (3×2) e 2×2, com P = 0.05. CONCLUSÕES: As regiões anterior, média e posterior da língua, dos dois lados, tem a mesma capacidade discriminativa para os gostos. No entanto, com a boca fechada e a participação do palato, ocorre expressivo aumento da capacidade discriminativa oral, com aumento das percepções, tanto da imediata quanto da tardia. Foi possível admitir que a participação do palato aumenta a percepção sápida da boca, pelo recrutamento de receptores do gosto no palato e também pela compressão e espalhamento das soluções de teste sobre a superfície da língua envolvendo maior número de receptores.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Palate/physiology , Taste/physiology , Tongue/physiology , Health Status , Young Adult
17.
J. appl. oral sci ; 18(3): 279-284, May-June 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-557094

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the survival and life quality evolution of patients subjected to surgical excision of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients treated at a Brazilian healthcare unit specialized in head and neck surgery between 2006 and 2007 were enrolled in the study. The gathering of data comprised reviewing hospital files and applying the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire previously and 1 year after the surgery. Comparative analysis used Poisson regression to assess factors associated with survival and a paired t-test to compare preoperative and 1-year postoperative QOL ratings. RESULTS: 1 year after surgery, 7 patients were not found (dropout of the cohort); 15 had died and 25 fulfilled the UW-QOL again. The risk of death was associated with having regional metastasis previously to surgery (relative risk=2.18; 95 percent confidence interval=1.09-5.17) and tumor size T3 or T4 (RR=2.30; 95 percentCI=1.05-5.04). Survivors presented significantly (p<0.05) poorer overall and domain-specific ratings of quality of life. Chewing presented the largest reduction: from 74.0 before surgery to 34.0 one year later. Anxiety was the only domain whose average rating increased (from 36.0 to 70.7). CONCLUSIONS: The prospective assessment of survival and quality of life may contribute to anticipate interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of functional limitations in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Mouth Neoplasms/surgery , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Quality of Life , Activities of Daily Living , Affect , Anxiety/psychology , Cohort Studies , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/psychology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Deglutition/physiology , Esthetics , Follow-Up Studies , Health Behavior , Lip Neoplasms/psychology , Lip Neoplasms/surgery , Mastication/physiology , Mouth Neoplasms/psychology , Neoplasm Staging , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/psychology , Pain Measurement , Recreation , Survival Rate , Saliva , Speech/physiology , Treatment Outcome , Taste/physiology , Tongue Neoplasms/psychology , Tongue Neoplasms/surgery
18.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 47(1): 18-21, Jan.-Mar. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-547608

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The effect of sour taste and food temperature variations in dysphagic patients has not been entirely clarified. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of sour and cold food in the pharyngeal transit times of patients with stroke. METHODS: Patients participating in this study were 30 right-handed adults, 16 of which were male and 14 were female, aged 41 to 88 (average age 62.3 years) with ictus varying from 1 to 30 days (median of 6 days). To analyze the pharyngeal transit time a videofluoroscopy swallow test was performed. Each patient was observed during swallow of a 5 mL paste bolus given by spoon, totaling four different stimuli (natural, cold, sour and cold sour), one at a time, room temperature (22ºC) and cold (8ºC) were used. Later, the tests were analyzed using specific software to measure bolus transit time during the pharyngeal phase. RESULTS: The results showed that the pharyngeal transit time was significantly shorter during swallow of cold sour bolus when compared with other stimuli. Conclusion - Sour taste stimuli associated to cold temperature cause significant change in swallowing patterns, by shortening the pharyngeal transit time, which may lead to positive effects in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia.


CONTEXTO: O efeito do sabor azedo e as variações da temperatura dos alimentos em indivíduos disfágicos, ainda não foi totalmente esclarecidos. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito do sabor azedo e da temperatura fria no tempo de trânsito faríngeo da deglutição em indivíduos após acidente vascular encefálico hemisférico isquêmico. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 30 indivíduos adultos, sendo 16 do gênero masculino e 14 do feminino, destros, com faixa etária variando de 41 a 88 anos (média de 62,3 anos) e ictus que variou de 1 a 30 dias (mediana de 6 dias). Para analisar o tempo de trânsito faríngeo da deglutição foi realizado o exame de videofluoroscopia da deglutição. Cada indivíduo foi observado durante a deglutição de bolo na consistência pastosa, oferecido em colher, com 5 mL cada, sendo ao todo quatro estímulos diferentes, um por vez. Posteriormente os exames foram analisados com auxílio de um software específico para medição do tempo de deslocamento do bolo pela fase faríngea. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que o tempo de trânsito faríngeo da deglutição foi significantemente menor durante a deglutição de bolo azedo gelado quando comparado aos outros estímulos. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se que estímulos com sabor azedo associado à temperatura fria provocam significativa mudança na dinâmica da deglutição, diminuindo o tempo de trânsito faríngeo, podendo assim proporcionar efeitos positivos em indivíduos com disfagia orofaríngea.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cold Temperature , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Pharynx/physiopathology , Stroke/physiopathology , Taste/physiology , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Fluoroscopy , Stroke/complications , Time Factors , Video Recording
19.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 36(4): 1105-1112, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-554722

ABSTRACT

The enhancer effect of glutamate monosodium (MSG) flavor was evaluated and its synergistic action with 5'-ribonucleotides: ionone rib nucleotides 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and guano sine monophosphate (GMP) in dehydrated soups consisting of lentils and peas. Four formulations were developed for both soups: the first was the target with the original level of MSG, the following had different concentrations and mixtures of these enhancers (6 percent MSG; 6 percent MSG and 0.26 percent IMP; 0.6 MSG and 0.12 percent IMP-GMP). A five-.point Graphic Hedonic Scale test was used, where 1 represented the most upset face and 5 represented the happiest face. The most accepted soup was selected by thirty elderly adults. The lentils soup with 0,6 MSG and 0J2 percent IMP-GMP and the pea's soup with 6 percent MSG and 0.26 percent IMP obtained the greatest level of acceptance. So, the effectiveness of the synergistic action between the MSG and 5'-ribonucleotides was demonstrated, because they can improve the acceptance of the evaluated formulation.


Se evaluó el efecto realzador del sabor del glutamato monosódico (GMS) y su acción sinergista con 5'-ribonucleótidos: inosinato monofosfato (IMP) y guanilato monofosfato (GMP), cuando se adicionaron a sopas deshidratadas de lentejas y arvejas. Se elaboraron 4 formulaciones para cada sopa, la primera formulación correspondió al control con su nivel de GMS original, las siguientes formulaciones contaron con distintas concentraciones y mezclas de estos realzadores (6 por ciento GMS; 6 por ciento GMS mas 0,26 por ciento IMP y 0,6 GMS mas 0,12 por ciento IMP-GMP). Se utilizó la evaluación sensorial de Escala Hedónica Gráfica, con una escala de 1 al 5, donde 1: representa "la carita más disgustada" y 5: "la más feliz". Treinta adultos mayores determinaron la formulación más aceptada. La sopa de lentejas con 6 por ciento de GMS mas 0,12 por ciento de IMP-GMP fue la que tuvo mayor aceptación, mientras que para la sopa de arvejas fue aquella que contenía 6 por ciento de GMS más 0,26 por ciento de IMP. Por tanto, se pudo demostrar la efectividad de la acción sinergista entre el GMS y los 5'-ribonucleótidos, al mejorar las aceptación de las formulaciones evaluadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Additives/pharmacology , Fabaceae , Sodium Glutamate/pharmacology , Taste , Ribonucleotides , Soups , Drug Synergism , Food Preservation , Taste/physiology , Food Preferences , Food Preferences/physiology
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